Stunning high-rise buildings in the area of ??high seismic activity

UNIQUE skyscraper Taipei 101 at the time of this writing, the palm of the very high structural spire, the tallest roof and the highest floor that used still owns the tower Taipei 101 (Taipei 101) in Taipei, the capital of Taiwan, Republic of China . Here are the values: 509 m to the top of a construction of the spire, 449 m - to the highest point of the roof and 439 meters - to the highest floor, one hundred and first. Notably, these record values ??have been achieved despite the fact that the tower is located in one of the most seismically active and prone to typhoon regions in the world. To construct a building with such high-rise settings and still meet the requirements for stability and resilience under extreme lateral loads such as earthquake measuring more than seven points and wind speeds in excess of 60 m / sec (200 km / h), the architectural firm «C. Y. Lee & Partners »and designers, the company« Thornton-Tomasetti Inc. »And« Evergreen Consulting »designed a tower of steel and reinforced concrete, specific features that deserve the highest appraisal rating. The building rests on a massive solid concrete foundation with a thickness of 5 m, laid on top of this timber out of 380 concrete piles with a diameter of 1.5 m, were killed in the solid rock to a depth of 30 m with the addition of high-strength concrete. From this base rises up 36 heavy-duty steel and concrete columns made from the strongest steel and concrete, which only exist in the world. 12 of them are angles and bonds columns that extend up to 26 floors, 16 - full-height columns, forming the frame, and 8 - full-size "mega-columns" 3 x 2,4 m, distributed on the perimeter. The whole construction is a steel hull of the columns collected from the steel sheets up to 8 cm and a strain resistant to 413 MPa, and then steel sheets were formed in the concrete columns with rigid bearing reinforcement through the partial or complete filling them with concrete strength of 70 MPa (10000 lb psi) to 62 floors. (Tests of conditioning showed that the strength of concrete is actually as high as 80 MPa [12,000 psi]). To counter lateral forces, svyazevaya system is formed by pouring concrete in the spans between concrete columns frame in the configuration of 4 x 4 span, from the bottom up to the eighth floor. Starting from the eighth floor, columns, reinforced frame on each floor by means of instant precast concrete beams that are assembled from individual sections, and then binds to the upper floor. In addition, one-and two-story steel pendant farm bind column frame with mega-columns around the perimeter of every eighth floor. System curtain walls of glass panels installed in the slanted gratings with resistance point, contributes to the overall lateral rigidity by binding to the mega-columns using single-storey farm - and on every eighth floor. This facade system is also adapted to the lateral displacement caused by, for example, seismic activity, up to 95 mm without damage. Finally, the deviations that occur as a result of extreme wind loads, minimized by installing three separate damper resonance of the mass. Thus, the main low-frequency damping sphere weighing 635,000 kg, a diameter of almost 6 meters, consisting of 41 layers are 12 cm thick, suspended between 92 and 88 floors to counter the overall lateral displacement of the tower. And two smaller areas of high weighing 7 tonnes installed inside 20-foot mast to resist its vibration. Engineers noted that the final design must survive seismic events that occur once every 2500 years, that is, those events that lead to the acceleration of gravity to 0,5 g at ground level. It was the introduction of such innovations and allow the tower Taipei 101 to reach the side of resistance, comparable to the resistances of towers with more traditional designs of skeletons of reinforced concrete walls, but without the attendant problems with weight, assembly time and, most importantly, a free area. In addition to modern communications tower, Taipei 101 is also equipped with 48 elevators, which have the most perfect performance in the world. Lifts installed in the new configuration with a checkerboard transition, with two corridors of heaven and four floors of the transition. Most of them has a Double-deck hermetically sealed cabin aerodynamic shape and moves at a very high speed. However, two elevators, traveling between the corridor and ground survey on 89 floor, can lay claim to being the fastest in the world. They carried on a special project only to the tower, making a record of these lifts have taken more than one year, and the installation lasted four. Amazingly, they reach speeds over 60 mph and rise from ground level to review the site in less than 40 seconds. There is no doubt that these structural and operational innovation will guarantee that the tower Taipei 101 will continue to cause admiration throughout the world even after she lost the palm of his various altitudes over new buildings in Dubai and China over the next few years. ______________________________________ Translated from English by T. Ponomarenko © Copy materials from the site is strictly prohibited! 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