Students in the Ancient City, Matt Giles, USA Around noon, after a long flight from Istanbul, I arrived at his hotel in Jerusalem. I'm tired, because over the past 20-odd hours I managed to doze off a few times, but I had to leave the city. In most of those books and research papers (both ancient and modern), which I read in one way or another, Israel is figured, why waste time I do not want. I pereobulsya and went in search of the Old City. In the booklets of the hotel where I stayed, saying that she is a 7 minute walk from the Old Town. I would say that it is about 10-15 minutes, although it is not so important. It is important that close. If you walk east on Jaffa street, just go and come. How do I know what you got there? Just sooner or later you will be rested in the high wall that surrounds the old town. Until the late XIX - early XX century it was indeed the entire city. It was the city where King Solomon built the first temple, ukryvshy Ark of the Covenant. It was in this city he went to Palm Sunday, and this city in 1099 captured the participants of the First Crusade to about a hundred years later to give his troops to Salah ad-Din (sultan of Egypt and Syria, the leader of the Muslim world of the XII century, ca. TRANSFER .). And this is the city Israel conquered from Jordan during the 1967 war. This, in fact, the old city with a rich history. Damascus Gate in the Old Town can be reached through 7 gates. If you start listing them from the northwest and go clockwise, it will first go to a new gate, then the Damascus Gate, Lions Gate, the dung gate (do not know why there was such a strange name), Zion Gate and Jaffa Gate. (Interestingly, "jaffa" in Arabic means "lion", so that someone could think that in two of the Lion's Gate, but I would not say so). The inner part of the city is divided into four quarters: Christian, Muslim, Jewish and Armenian. The remaining part is the Temple Mount and shining golden mosque Qubbat Al-Sahra (Dome of the Rock "), which is located in the eastern part of town. Lion's Gate of the Temple Mount - that is all that remains of the Second Temple. King Solomon built the First Temple around 1000 BC to house the Ark of the Covenant. The temple was destroyed in 586 BC after Jerusalem was conquered by the Babylonians, and all Israel became the subject of Babylon (which was located on the territory of modern Iraq). Subsequently, Babylon was conquered by the Persian empire, which was then headed by Cyrus the Great, father of Darius I and Xerxes' grandfather (Darius I in fact was the father of Xerxes, but it was not the son of Cyrus the Great, he married the daughter of Cyrus Atossa, to strengthen the right to rule, ca. Perevi.). A few years later the Persians went to war with the Spartans. Soon, the emperor allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and restore it. At that time, was built the Second Temple. Construction continued during Herod the Great, father of Herod Antipas, at the end of I century BC Herod was a lover of grandiose buildings and that is with him, among other magnificent buildings, was built the fortress of Masada, situated on the shores of the Dead Sea. The Second Temple stood until 1970 BC when, during one of the uprisings Rome tired endless strife in the West, and it was decided to destroy Jerusalem and scatter the Jews throughout the world. (Yes, this area was a real powder keg back in those days. I think I will return to this issue later.) After the Islamic conquest, which happened in 7 century, was built by Al-Aqsa Mosque, as well as on the site of the second temple was built mosque Qubbat Al-Sahra. Read more:
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